Description
The MEM-238 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to CD222, which is also known as the Insulin-like growth factor 2 Receptor (IGF2R, IGF-II Receptor), Cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CIMPR), or Mannose-6 phosphate receptor (M6PR). CD222 is ubiquitously expressed by a variety of cell types as a cell surface type I transmembrane glycoprotein. However, in the course of receptor trafficking between the cell surface and intracellular compartments, the majority of CD222 is found within cells. Cell surface CD222 functions as a multifunctional receptor that binds to a large number of extracellular ligands including acid hydrolases, insulin-like growth factors, latent TGF-β, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), proliferin, prorenin, plasminogen, and Herpes simplex virus. It regulates extracellular Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II/IGF-2) levels by binding and internalizing the growth factor for lysosomal degradation. This effectively removes IGF-II from the circulation and tissues and thus prevents it from signaling through the growth-stimulatory Insulin-like growth factor I Receptor (IGF-1R, CD221) pathway. However, studies have reported that IGF-II may activate some cellular functions through CD222 as well. A soluble form of the CD222 extracellular region can also be detected in human serum and may play a role in regulating IGF-II activity. CD222 serves as a surface receptor for latent TGFβ and can complex with plasminogen and CD87, a urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, to activate latent TGF-β. CD222 also binds to a variety of Mannose 6-phosphate (M6P)-containing proteins, including extracellular and newly-synthesized lysosomal enzymes, and transports them to lysosomes.
For optimal and reproducible results, BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer should be used anytime two or more BD Horizon Brilliant dyes (including BD OptiBuild Brilliant reagents) are used in the same experiment. Fluorescent dye interactions may cause staining artifacts which may affect data interpretation. The BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer was designed to minimize these interactions. More information can be found in the Technical Data Sheet of the BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer (Cat. No. 563794).
Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. The antibody was conjugated with BD Horizon BUV661 under optimal conditions that minimize unconjugated dye and antibody.
1. This antibody was developed for use in flow cytometry.
2. The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. However, verification testing has not been performed on all conjugate lots.
3. Researchers should determine the optimal concentration of this reagent for their individual applications.
4. An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
5. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
6. For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
7. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
8. BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer is covered by one or more of the following US patents: 8,110,673; 8,158,444; 8,575,303; 8,354,239.
9. BD Horizon Brilliant Ultraviolet 661 is covered by one or more of the following US patents: 8,110,673; 8,158,444; 8,227,187; 8,575,303; 8,354,239.
