The 4E5 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes Ly-49D, which is expressed on subsets of natural killer (NK) cells in C57BL/6, C3H/He (at a very low frequency), and SJL, but not DBA/2, AKR, CBA/J, or BALB/c mice. Unlike Ly-49D antigen has not been betected on NK-1.1+ (or DX5+) T cells. In 129/J mice, the 4E5 antibody cross-reacts with Ly-49O, Ly-49R, and Ly-49V. The Ly-49 family of NK-cell receptors, members of the C-type lectin superfamily, are disulfide-linked type-II transmembrane protein homodimers with extracellular carbohydrate-recognition domains, which bind to MHC class I alloantigens. The Ly-49 family members are expressed independently, such that an individual NK or T cell may display more than one class of Ly-49 receptor homodimers. Ly-49D weakly binds to MHC class I antigens of the k halpotype, and Ly-49D+ IL-2-activated NK cells lyse target cells expressing H-2[a], H-2[b], H-2[d], H-2[k], H-2[p], H-2[q], and H-2[s] and the CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cell line. Ly-49D+ cells mediate allogenic resistance to H-2d bone marrow transplantation. In vitro studies suggest that the Ly-49D receptor mediates activation of NK-cell cytolytic activity via tyrosine phosphorylation of their ITIMs (Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibitory Motifs). Molecular differences between the Ly-49D stimulatory receptor and the inhibitory members of the Ly-49 family include the absence of an ITIM in Ly-49D, the lack of phosphorylation of Ly-49D in activated NK cells, and the association of a novel tyrosine-phosphorylated protein (pp16) with Ly-49D in activated NK cells. Ly-49O and Ly-49V are closely related to Ly-49A[B6] and, like Ly-49A, have ITIM domains. Ly-49O- and Ly-49V-transfected 293T (human kidney epithelial) cells bind tetramers of H-2D[b], D[b], D[k], and L[d]. In addition, the Ly-49V-transfected cells also bind K[b], K[d], and K[k]. Ly-49R is closely related to Ly-49D[B6] and is putative activating receptor due to its lack of an ITIM domain. Ly-49R-transfected 293T cells bind soluble tetramers of H-2D[b], D[d], D[k], and L[d].
BD™ CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (Compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD CompBead to ensure that BD CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. The antibody was conjugated to the dye under optimum conditions that minimize unconjugated dye and antibody.
1. Researchers should determine the optimal concentration of this reagent for their individual applications.
2. The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. However, verification testing has not been performed on all conjugate lots.
3. An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
4. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
5. Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Life Technologies Corporation.
6. Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
7. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
8. This product is provided under an Agreement between BIOTIUM and BD Biosciences. This product, and only in the amount purchased by buyer, may be used solely for buyer’s own internal research, in a manner consistent with the accompanying product literature. No other right to use, sell or otherwise transfer (a) this product, or (b) its components is hereby granted expressly, by implication or by estoppel. This product is for research use only. Diagnostic uses require a separate license from Biotium, Inc. For information on purchasing a license to this product including for purposes other than research, contact Biotium, Inc., 3159 Corporate Place, Hayward, CA 94545, Tel: (510) 265-1027. Fax: (510) 265-1352. Email:
[email protected].
