The HP-MA4 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes several Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIRs) which are also known as CD158 molecules. HP-MA4 recognizes Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 (encoded by KIR2DL1; aka, CD158a and NKAT-1), Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS1 (KIR2DS1; CD158h), Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS3 (KIR2DS3; NKAT-7), and Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS5 (KIR2DS5; CD158g, NKAT-9) which are collectively known as KIR2DL1/S1/S3/S5 (CD158). These type I transmembrane glycoproteins are encoded by polymorphic genes and have 2 extracellular Ig-like domains (KIR2D, domains D1 and D2) followed by a transmembrane region and either long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domains. Various CD158 molecules are differentially expressed by CD56dim natural killer (NK) cells and some T cells and can regulate their cytotoxic effector functions. Although different KIR gene content varies amongst haplotypes for individuals, certain "framework" genes including KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, and KIR3DL2, are found in all haplotypes. KIR2DL1 has a long cytoplasmic domain with two tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM) that enables inhibitory signal transduction by ligand-bound KIR2DL1 leading to reduced cytotoxic effector cell activity. KIR2DS1, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS5 (KIR2DS1/S3/S5) proteins each have a short cytoplasmic tail with a positively charged amino acid in their transmembrane region which allows association with the DAP12 transmembrane protein. DAP12 acts as an activating signal transduction element through its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in its cytoplasmic domain leading to upregulated cytotoxic effector cell function. Some MHC class I molecules can serve as ligands for CD158 molecules, with HLA-C ligands reported for KIR2DL1, KIR2DS1, and KIR2DS5.
BD™ CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (Compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD CompBead to ensure that BD CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. The antibody was conjugated to the dye under optimum conditions that minimize unconjugated dye and antibody.
1. Researchers should determine the optimal concentration of this reagent for their individual applications.
2. The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. However, verification testing has not been performed on all conjugate lots.
3. An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
4. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
5. Alexa Fluor™ is a trademark of Life Technologies Corporation.
6. Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
7. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
8. This product is provided under an Agreement between BIOTIUM and BD Biosciences. This product, and only in the amount purchased by buyer, may be used solely for buyer’s own internal research, in a manner consistent with the accompanying product literature. No other right to use, sell or otherwise transfer (a) this product, or (b) its components is hereby granted expressly, by implication or by estoppel. This product is for research use only. Diagnostic uses require a separate license from Biotium, Inc. For information on purchasing a license to this product including for purposes other than research, contact Biotium, Inc., 3159 Corporate Place, Hayward, CA 94545, Tel: (510) 265-1027. Fax: (510) 265-1352. Email:
[email protected].
