Description
The 107-1A4 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes human Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) which is also known as Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), and N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate peptidase I (NAALADase I). PSMA is an ~100 kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein. It is comprised of a large extracellular region with protease, apical and C-terminal domains that function in substrate binding and enzymatic activity, a transmembrane region, and a short intracellular N-terminal domain. PSMA is encoded by FOLH1 (Folate hydrolase 1) which belongs to the M28 peptidase family. PSMA is expressed in the brain and by cells in various tissues including the prostate, intestines, testis, bladder, liver, kidney, breast, and ovary. In the intestines, this enzyme functions as a folate hydrolase that cleaves glutamate from dietary folates to facilitate the cellular uptake of folic acid. Through its NAALADase activity, this enzyme also acts in the nervous system to hydrolyze the N-aceylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) neuropeptide into NAA and glutamate. This enzyme can thereby modulate excitatory neurotransmission with the release of glutamate which serves as an excitatory neurotransmitter. Overexpression of PSMA by cancer cells, such as prostate cancer cells, may allow for the increased uptake of folates required for rapid cellular division leading to tumor progression. PSMA expression has also been found by some urothelial adenocarcinoma cells and associated with the tumor neovasculature of some tumors as well. The 107-1A4 antibody reportedly recognizes a distinct conformational epitope in the PSMA extracellular domain.
BD® CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD® CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application. For optimal and reproducible results, BD Horizon Brilliant™ Stain Buffer should be used anytime BD Horizon Brilliant™ dyes are used in a multicolor flow cytometry panel. Fluorescent dye interactions may cause staining artifacts which may affect data interpretation. The BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer was designed to minimize these interactions. When BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer is used in in the multicolor panel, it should also be used in the corresponding compensation controls for all dyes to achieve the most accurate compensation. For the most accurate compensation, compensation controls created with either cells or beads should be exposed to BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer for the same length of time as the corresponding multicolor panel. More information can be found in the Technical Data Sheet of the BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer (Cat. No. 563794/566349) or the BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer Plus (Cat. No. 566385). For optimal results, it is recommended to perform two washes after staining with antibodies. Cells may be prepared, stained with antibodies and washed twice with wash buffer per established protocols for immunofluorescent staining prior to acquisition on a flow cytometer. Performing fewer than the recommended wash steps may lead to increased spread of the negative population.
Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. The antibody was conjugated to the dye under optimum conditions that minimize unconjugated dye and antibody.
1. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
2. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
3. For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
4. BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer is covered by one or more of the following US patents: 8,110,673; 8,158,444; 8,575,303; 8,354,239.
5. BD Horizon Brilliant Blue 700 is covered by one or more of the following US patents: 8,455,613 and 8,575,303.
6. Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
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8. Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
9. Human donor specific background has been observed in relation to the presence of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies, developed as a result of certain vaccines containing PEG, including some COVID-19 vaccines. We recommend use of BD Horizon Brilliant™ Stain Buffer in your experiments to help mitigate potential background. For more information visit https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-us/support/product-notices.
10. Researchers should determine the optimal concentration of this reagent for their individual applications.
11. The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. However, verification testing has not been performed on all conjugate lots.
