Description
The TEA 2/16 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes CD109 which is also known as C3 and PZP-like alpha-2-macroglobulin domain-containing protein 7 (CPAMD7), Gov platelet alloantigens, or 150 kDa TGF-beta-1-binding protein. CD109 is a 150-170 kDa glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked glycoprotein expressed on activated T cells, myeloid progenitor (CD34+) and mature myeloid lineage cells (monocytes, granulocytes, platelets), but not on CD34+ lymphoid progenitor cells. CD109 is also expressed on vein and artery endothelial cells. The expression of CD109 is upregulated on PHA-stimulated T cells. CD109 is reportedly expressed on long-term adult bone marrow cultured cells, where it is co-expressed with CD34 and CD90. Its biological role in hematopoiesis has not been fully elucidated. It may play a role in the negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling.
BD® CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD® CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. The antibody was conjugated to the dye under optimum conditions that minimize unconjugated dye and antibody.
1. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
2. Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
3. For U.S. patents that may apply, see bd.com/patents.
4. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
5. Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
6. The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. However, verification testing has not been performed on all conjugate lots.
7. Human donor specific background has been observed in relation to the presence of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies, developed as a result of certain vaccines containing PEG, including some COVID-19 vaccines. We recommend use of BD Horizon Brilliant™ Stain Buffer in your experiments to help mitigate potential background. For more information visit https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-us/support/product-notices.
8. When using high concentrations of antibody, background binding of this dye to erythroid fragments produced by ammonium chloride-based lysis, such as with BD Pharm Lyse™ Lysing Buffer (Cat. No. 555899), has been observed when the antibody conjugate was present during the lysis procedure. This may cause nonspecific staining of target cells, such as leukocytes, which have bound the resulting erythroid fragments. This background can be mitigated by any of the following: titrating the antibody conjugate to a lower concentration, fixing samples with formaldehyde, or removing erythrocytes before staining (eg, gradient centrifugation or pre-lysis with wash). This background has not been observed when cells were lysed with BD FACS™ Lysing Solution (Cat. No. 349202) after staining.
9. For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
10. An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
11. Cy is a trademark of Global Life Sciences Solutions Germany GmbH or an affiliate doing business as Cytiva.
12. Please observe the following precautions: We recommend that special precautions be taken (such as wrapping vials, tubes, or racks in aluminum foil) to protect exposure of conjugated reagents, including cells stained with those reagents, to any room illumination. Absorption of visible light can significantly affect the emission spectra and quantum yield of tandem fluorochrome conjugates.
Specifications

General

SourceMouse Prolactin, amino acids Met-(Leu32-Cys228) (Accession# NM_011164), was expressed in E.coli.
Molecular MassThe 198 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 22.5 kD. The protein migrates at approximately 22 kD under DTT-reducing conditions and at approximately 20 kD under non-reducing conditions respectively by SDS-PAGE. The predicted N-terminal amino acid is Met.
Purity>95%, as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE.
Formulation0.22 µm filtered protein solution is in PBS, pH 7.2.
Endotoxin LevelLess than 0.1 EU per µg of protein as determined by the LAL method.
Concentration10 and 25 µg sizes are bottled at 200 µg/mL. 100 µg size and larger sizes are lot-specific and bottled at the concentration indicated on the vial. To obtain lot-specific concentration and expiration, please enter the lot number in our Certificate of Analysis online tool.
Storage & HandlingUnopened vial can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to 2 weeks, at -20°C for up to six months, or at -70°C or colder until the expiration date. For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. The protein can be aliquoted and stored at -20°C or colder. Stock solutions can also be prepared at 50 - 100 µg/mL in appropriate sterile buffer, carrier protein such as 0.2 - 1% BSA or HSA can be added when preparing the stock solution. Aliquots can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to one week and stored at -20°C or colder for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
ActivityMouse Prolactin induces the proliferation of Nb2-11 rat lymphoma cells in a dose dependent manner. The ED50 = 0.2 - 1.0 ng/ml.
ApplicationBioassay
Application NotesBioLegend carrier-free recombinant proteins provided in liquid format are shipped on blue-ice. Our comparison testing data indicates that when handled and stored as recommended, the liquid format has equal or better stability and shelf-life compared to commercially available lyophilized proteins after reconstitution. Our liquid proteins are verified in-house to maintain activity after shipping on blue ice and are backed by our 100% satisfaction guarantee. If you have any concerns, contact us at [email protected].
Product CitationsRen S, et al. 2024. Cell Rep. 113644:43. PubMed Kogata N, et al. 2018. Commun Biol. 1:228. PubMed
StructureMonomer.
DistributionAnterior pituitary (lactotrophs), immune cells, brain, decidua, adipocytes, and cholangeocytes.
FunctionLactogenic activity and breast and prostate cancer development. Prolactin secretion is negatively controlled by hypothalamic dopamine. Prolactin releasing factors include the thyrotropin-releasing hormone, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, vasopressin, serotonin, angiotensin II, and oxytocin.
InteractionMammary epithelial cells.
Ligand/ReceptorPRLR (prolactin receptor).
BioactivityMouse prolactin induces the proliferation of Nb2-11 rat lymphoma cells.
Cell TypeHematopoietic stem and progenitors
Biology AreaStem Cells
Molecular FamilyCytokines/Chemokines, Growth Factors
Antigen References1. Harigaya T, et al. 1986. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1:30-8. 2. Horseman ND, et al. 1997. EMBO J. 16:6926. 3. Ben-Jonathan N, et al. 1996. Endocr. Rev. 17:639. 4. Ben-Jonathan N, et al. 2008. Endocr. Rev. 1:1-41. 5. Bernichtein S, et al. 2010. J. Endocrinol. 206:1. 6. Correale J, et al. 2014. J. Neuroimmunol. 269:76. 7. Kennett JE, McKee DT. 2012. J. Neuroendocrinol. 24:403.
Gene ID19109
UniProtView information about Prolactin on UniProt.org
Regulatory StatusRUO
Other NamesLuteotropin, PRL