Description
The RMT3-23 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes CD366 which is also known as TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing 3, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 3, or T-cell membrane protein 3). CD366 (TIM-3) is ~31 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by Havcr2 (Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2) that belongs to the TIM family within the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). CD366 (TIM-3) is comprised of one Ig-like V-type domain followed by a serine/threonine-rich mucin stalk region in its extracellular region, a transmembrane segment, and a tyrosine phosphorylation motif in its cytoplasmic tail. CD366 (TIM-3) expression is upregulated on subpopulations of activated myeloid cells including macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells (DC), microglia, mast cells as well as on Type-1 CD4+ (Th1-like) T cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), and natural killer (NK) cells. CD366 (TIM-3) functions as an inhibitory receptor that helps maintain immunological homeostasis and self-tolerance. It may also serve an immune checkpoint molecule that inhibits antitumor immunity and promotes T cell exhaustion. Crosslinking of cell surface CD366 (TIM-3) by Galectin-9 binding downregulates Th1-like and CD8+ T cell responses and can promote Treg or myeloid-derived suppressor cells. CD366 (TIM-3) enables DC to bind phosphatidyl serine expressed by apoptotic cells, phagocytize these cells to suppress inflammation and promote antigen cross-presentation. CD366 (TIM-3) can also bind to high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and inhibit stimulation of the immune response to nucleic acids released by dying tumor cells. RMT3-23 reportedly recognizes CD366 (TIM-3) derived from either BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice that have different Havcr2 polymorphisms.
BD® CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD® CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. The antibody was conjugated to the dye under optimum conditions that minimize unconjugated dye and antibody.
1. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
2. Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
3. For U.S. patents that may apply, see bd.com/patents.
4. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
5. Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
6. The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. However, verification testing has not been performed on all conjugate lots.
7. Please observe the following precautions: We recommend that special precautions be taken (such as wrapping vials, tubes, or racks in aluminum foil) to protect exposure of conjugated reagents, including cells stained with those reagents, to any room illumination. Absorption of visible light can significantly affect the emission spectra and quantum yield of tandem fluorochrome conjugates.
8. For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
9. An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
10. When using high concentrations of antibody, background binding of this dye to erythroid fragments produced by ammonium chloride-based lysis, such as with BD Pharm Lyse™ Lysing Buffer (Cat. No. 555899), has been observed when the antibody conjugate was present during the lysis procedure. This may cause nonspecific staining of target cells, such as leukocytes, which have bound the resulting erythroid fragments. This background can be mitigated by any of the following: titrating the antibody conjugate to a lower concentration, fixing samples with formaldehyde, or removing erythrocytes before staining (eg, gradient centrifugation or pre-lysis with wash). This background has not been observed when cells were lysed with BD FACS™ Lysing Solution (Cat. No. 349202) after staining.
11. CF™ is a trademark of Biotium, Inc.
12. Tandem fluorochromes contain both an energy donor and an energy acceptor. Although every effort is made to minimize the lot-to-lot variation in the efficiency of the fluorochrome energy transfer, differences in the residual emission from the donor may be observed. Additionally, multi-laser cytometers may directly excite both the donor and acceptor fluorochromes. Therefore, we recommend for every tandem conjugate, a matched individual single-stain control be acquired for generating a compensation or spectral unmixing matrix.
