Description
Product Usage Information
Western Blotting: 1:1000
Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry): 1:400
Storage
Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.
Protocol
Available protocols: Western Blotting, Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)
Specificity / Sensitivity
Phospho-Topoisomerase II alpha (Ser1469) (D4F5) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of topoisomerase IIα protein only when phosphorylated at Ser1469.
Species Reactivity: Human
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser1469 of human topoisomerase IIα protein.
Background
DNA topoisomerases I and II are nuclear enzymes; type II consists of two highly homologous isoforms: topoisomerase IIα and IIβ. These enzymes regulate the topology of DNA, maintain genomic integrity, and are essential for processes such as DNA replication, recombination, transcription, and chromosome segregation by allowing DNA strands to pass through each other (1). Topoisomerase I nicks and rejoins one strand of the duplex DNA, while topoisomerase II transiently breaks and closes double-stranded DNA (2). Topoisomerases are very susceptible to various stresses. Acidic pH or oxidative stress can convert topoisomerases to DNA-breaking nucleases, causing genomic instability and cell death. DNA-damaging topoisomerase targeting drugs (e.g., etoposide) also convert topoisomerases to nucleases, with the enzyme usually trapped as an intermediate that is covalently bound to the 5+ end of the cleaved DNA strand(s). Research studies have shown that this intermediate leads to genomic instability and cell death. Thus, agents that target topoisomerases are highly sought after cancer chemotherapeutic drugs (3). Ca -regulated phosphorylation of topoisomerase IIα at Ser1106 modulates the activity of this enzyme and its sensitivity to targeting drugs (4). Casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylates DNA topoisomerase IIα on Ser1469 to generate a site recognized by the mitosis-specific antibody MPM-2 (5).
Alternate Names
DNA gyrase; DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing); DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha; DNA topoisomerase II alpha; DNA topoisomerase II, 170 kD; DNA topoisomerase II, alpha isozyme; TOP2; TOP2A; topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha 170kDa; TP2A
