Description
Product Usage Information
Western Blotting: 1:1000
Storage
Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA and 50% glycerol. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.
Protocol
Available protocols: Western Blotting
Specificity / Sensitivity
Phospho-PAK1 (Ser199/204)/PAK2 (Ser192/197) Antibody detects endogenous levels of Ser199/204 phosphorylated PAK1 or Ser192/197 phosphorylated PAK2. This antibody may also detect Ser200/205 phosphorylated PAK3, however this antibody does not cross-react with phosphorylated PAK4.
Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Guinea Pig
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding serine 199/204 of human PAK1. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Background
The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of serine/threonine kinases is engaged in multiple cellular processes, including cytoskeletal reorganization, MAPK signaling, apoptotic signaling, control of phagocyte NADPH oxidase, and growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth (1,2). Several mechanisms that induce PAK activity have been reported. Binding of Rac/Cdc42 to the CRIB (or PBD) domain near the amino terminus of PAK causes autophosphorylation and conformational changes in PAK (1). Phosphorylation of PAK1 at Thr423 by PDK induces activation of PAK1 (3). Several autophosphorylation sites have been identified, including Ser199 and Ser204 of PAK1, and Ser192 and Ser197 of PAK2 (4,5). Because the autophosphorylation sites are located in the amino-terminal inhibitory domain, it has been hypothesized that modification in this region prevents the kinase from reverting to an inactive conformation (6). Research indicates that phosphorylation at Ser144 of PAK1 or Ser139 of PAK3 (located in the kinase inhibitory domain) affects kinase activity (7). Phosphorylation at Ser21 of PAK1 or Ser20 of PAK2 regulates binding with the adaptor protein Nck (8). PAK4, PAK5/7, and PAK6 have lower sequence similarity with PAK1-3 in the amino-terminal regulatory region (9). Phosphorylation at Ser474 of PAK4, a site analogous to Thr423 of PAK1, may play a pivotal role in regulating the activity and function of PAK4 (10). PAK family members are widely expressed, and often overexpressed in human cancer (11,12).
Alternate Names
Alpha-PAK; C-t-PAK2; Gamma-PAK; IDDMSSD; MGC130000; MGC130001; p21 (CDKN1A)-activated kinase 2; p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1; p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2; p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1; p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 2; p21-activated kinase 1; p21-activated kinase 2; p21/Cdc42/Rac1-activated kinase 1 (STE20 homolog, yeast); p21/Cdc42/Rac1-activated kinase 1 (yeast Ste20-related); p27; p34; p58; p65-PAK; PAK-1; PAK-2; PAK-2p27; PAK-2p34; PAK1; PAK2; PAK65; PAKalpha; PAKgamma; S6/H4 kinase; Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2; STE20 homolog, yeast
