Description
Protocol
Available protocols: ELISA+
Specificity / Sensitivity
The PathScan
Species Reactivity: Human
Background
Ubiquitin is a conserved polypeptide unit that plays an important role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Ubiquitin can be covalently linked to many cellular proteins by the ubiquitination process, which targets proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Three components are involved in the target protein-ubiquitin conjugation process. Ubiquitin is first activated by forming a thiolester complex with the activation component E1; the activated ubiquitin is subsequently transferred to the ubiquitin-carrier protein E2, then from E2 to ubiquitin ligase E3 for final delivery to the epsilon-NH of the target protein lysine residue (1-3). The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been implicated in a wide range of normal biological processes and in disease-related abnormalities. Several proteins such as IκB, p53, cdc25A, and Bcl-2 have been shown to be targets for the ubiquitin-proteasome process as part of regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, cell stress response, and apoptosis (4-7). Ubiquitin is phosphorylated at Ser65 by PINK1, leading to activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin (8,9). PINK1 accumulates on depolarized mitochondria, resulting in phosphorylation of ubiquitin and activation of Parkin, which then triggers the mitophagy pathway to clear damaged mitochondria. Loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 and Parkin result in early onset Parkinson's disease (10,11).
Alternate Names
40S ribosomal protein S27a; 60S ribosomal protein L40; CEP52; CEP80; epididymis luminal protein 112; epididymis secretory protein Li 50; FLJ25987; HEL-S-50; HEL112; HMG20; HUBCEP52; L40; Large ribosomal subunit protein eL40; MGC126879; MGC126881; MGC57125; MGC8385; polyubiquitin B; Polyubiquitin-B; Polyubiquitin-C; ribosomal protein L40; ribosomal protein S27a; RL40; RPL40; RPS27A; RS27A; S27A; Small ribosomal subunit protein eS31; UBA52; UBA80; UBB; UBC; UBCEP1; UBCEP2; UBCEP80; ubiquitin; Ubiquitin; ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1; ubiquitin and ribosomal protein L40; ubiquitin and ribosomal protein S27a; Ubiquitin B; ubiquitin C; ubiquitin carboxyl extension protein 52; Ubiquitin carboxyl extension protein 80; Ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a; ubiquitin-52 amino acid fusion protein; Ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40; ubiquitin-CEP52; ubiquitin-CEP80; Ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eL40 fusion protein; Ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eS31 fusion protein
