Description
Product Usage Information
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin): 1:50 - 1:200
Immunofluorescence (Frozen): 1:1600
Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized): 1:6400
Storage
Supplied in PBS (pH 7.2), less than 0.1% sodium azide, and 2 mg/mL BSA. Store at 4°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. Protect from light. Do not freeze.
Protocol
Available protocols: Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence (Frozen), Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized)
Specificity / Sensitivity
S100A9 (D3U8M) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor
Species Reactivity: Mouse, Rat
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Asn98 of mouse S100A9 protein.
Background
S100A8 and S100A9 are calcium-binding proteins that form a noncovalent heterodimer present in monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and some epithelial cells (1,2). S100A8 and S100A9 are secreted by a tubulin-dependent mechanism during inflammatory conditions and have antimicrobial and chemotactic functions (3-5). Extracellular S100A8/S100A9 also induces an inflammatory response in endothelial cells, including induction of proinflammatory chemokines and adhesion molecules and increased vascular permeability (6). S100A8/S100A9 induces and recruits myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in tumor-bearing mice (7). MDSC produce additional S100A8/S100A9 themselves, resulting in a positive feedback mechanism that sustains MDSC accumulation (7). S100A8/S100A9 is also highly expressed in psoriatic skin, where it directly upregulates transcription of complement protein C3, which contributes to disease (8). In addition, tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells induce expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in cancer cells, which increases invasiveness and metastasis (9).
Alternate Names
60B8A; 60B8Ag; AW546964; BEE22; Cag; Cagb; Calgranulin-B; GAG; GAGB; L1Ag; Leukocyte L1 complex heavy chain; Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14; MRP; MRP-14; Mrp14; p14; Protein S100-A9; S100 calcium binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100 calcium-binding protein A9; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100a9; S10A9
