Description
Product Usage Information
Western Blotting: 1:1000
Immunoprecipitation: 1:50
IHC Leica Bond: 1:50 - 1:200
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin): 1:100 - 1:400
Immunofluorescence (Frozen): 1:50
Storage
Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. For a carrier free (BSA and azide free) version of this product see product # 26893 . For a carrier free (BSA and azide free) version of this product see product # 55226 .
Protocol
Available protocols: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation, IHC Leica Bond, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence (Frozen)
Specificity / Sensitivity
CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total CTLA-4 protein. Non-specific staining was observed in mouse and human normal and neoplastic liver, in human normal kidney, and in mouse stomach crypts.
Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gln216 of human CTLA-4 protein.
Background
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4, CD152) is an Ig superfamily member that negatively regulates early T cell activation (1-4). The CTLA-4 protein is primarily expressed on T cells, including CD8 cytotoxic T cells, CD4 helper T cells, and CD4 /FoxP3 regulatory T cells (1,2). CTLA-4 protein competes with CD28 for B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) binding at the cell surface, which results in the downregulation of T cell activity (5). The activation of SHP-2 and PP2A downstream of CTLA-4 attenuates TCR signaling (6). Research studies indicate that knockout mice display lymphoproliferative disorders leading to early death, confirming the role of CTLA-4 as a negative regulator of T cells (7). Mutations in the corresponding gene are associated with multiple disorders, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type V autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (8,9). Additional studies demonstrate that CTLA-4 blockade is an effective strategy for tumor immunotherapy (10-12).
Alternate Names
activation-inducible lymphocyte immunomediatory molecule; AILIM; ALPS5; CD; CD152; CD278; celiac disease 3; CELIAC3; CTLA-4; CTLA4; cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 short spliced form; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase-4; GRD4; GSE; ICOS; IDDM12; inducible costimulator; inducible T-cell co-stimulator; inducible T-cell costimulator; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 12; ligand and transmembrane spliced cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4; MGC39850
